The Alawite State bordered Greater Lebanon on the south; the northern border was with the Sanjak of Alexandretta, where Alawites made up a large portion of the population. Climate 4. As of 1918, France occupied Lebanon and Syria, which was under the leadership of the Amir (Emir) Faisal I. The latter one functioned as the imperial capital only for a short time, between 1673 and 1727, but it was the period of being Morocco's "Versailles". He is a member of the Alaouite dynasty and ascended to the throne on 23 July 1999 upon the death of his father, King Hassan II. Because the Alaouites had difficult relations with many of the country's Berber and Bedouin-Arab tribes, Isma'īl formed a new army of black slaves, the Black Guard. After Morocco supported the Algerian independence movement of Emir Abd al-Qadir, it was attacked and defeated by the French in 1844 at the Battle of Isly and made to abandon its support. From Fès he proceeded to conquer the north, plundered and razed the Dila monastery, and seized control of Morocco’s Atlantic seaboard from its ruling marabouts. Economy Geography 3. They were hoping that, as he was a descendant of Muhammad, his presence would help to improve their date palm crops thanks to his barakah "blessing", an Arabic term meaning a sense of charisma. From 1631 to 1666 the Alaouite dynasty ruled as princes of Tafilalt: In 1666 Mulay Al-Rashid was proclaimed Sultan of Morocco at Fez: Under the French protectorate (1912–1956): This article is about the current Moroccan royal family. He died of cancer on 20 December 1983, aged 48, in Rabat. : You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Mohammed VI (Arabic: محمد السادس‎; born 21 August 1963) is the King of Morocco. [4], After the relative independence of Faisal I's rule, French colonialism was unwelcome. The Alaouite dynasty, or Alawite dynasty (Arabic: سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين ‎, Sulālat al-ʿAlawiyyīn al-Fīlālīyn), is the current Moroccan royal family. In 1942, the Latakia and Druze regions were returned to Syrian control. The Mausoleum of Mohammed V is a mausoleum located on the opposite side of the Hassan Tower, on the Yacoub al-Mansour esplanade in Rabat, Morocco. (aged 41) 1666 9 April 1672 Son of Moulay Sharif Alaouite Al-Rashid of Morocco. [3] The French had favoured religious minorities such as the Druze and the Alawi, attempting to isolate them from mainstream nationalist culture. Journal of Contemporary History, Vol.14, No.4: 693–712. Rissani is a small oasis town in Morocco that lies near the northwest edge of the Sahara. To the west was the Mediterranean. It contains the tombs of the Moroccan king and his two sons, late King Hassan II and Prince Abdallah. Morocco was ruled by Arabic-speaking dynasties known as the Sharifian Dynasties, who claimed descents from the prophet, Muhammad. ", "Its isolation, poverty, and social structure inflicted backwardness on the Alawi area. After the fall of the Third Republic in June 1940 and the French surrender to the Axis powers, Vichy France controlled Syria until Britain and Free France seized the country (and Lebanon) in July 1941. Lebanon and the Alawi State were not included. He was the governor of Marrakech around 1750. Moroccan culture is a blend of Arab, indigenous Berber, Sub-Saharan African, and European influences. The star represents the bright future of Ethiopia. [3], The region is coastal and mountainous, home to a predominantly-rural, heterogeneous population. The name Alaouites stems from caliph Ali son of Abu Taalib [14][15]. Despite a fifty-year period as a French and Spanish protectorate, Morocco gained its independence again in 1956 AD. [10][11][12][13] King Abdullah II of Jordan called it the "worst-case" scenario in the conflict, fearing a domino effect: fragmentation of the country along sectarian lines, with region-wide consequences. The Alaouites claim descent from a relative of prophet Muhammad and are the Arab ruling family of Morocco. [3], On 3 December 1936 (becoming effective in 1937), the Alawite state was incorporated into Syrian Republic as a concession by the French to the Nationalist Bloc (the ruling party of the semi-autonomous Syrian government).[9]. The CTM bus leaves the Fez bus station at 9pm. 1874; d. 1951), 1921–1922: Gaston Henri Gustave Billotte (b. "Syria and Lebanon Under French Mandate." [4] The majority of French support in these first elections came from rural populations, whom the French had primarily benefited. The Berber Tazeroualt dynasty rebelled against … Modern History 5. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}35°31′27″N 35°46′58″E / 35.524212°N 35.782646°E / 35.524212; 35.782646, The Alawite State (Arabic: دولة جبل العلويين‎, Dawlat Jabal al-‘Alawiyyīn; French: État des Alaouites), officially named the Territory of the Alawites (French: territoire des Alaouites), after the locally-dominant Alawites from its inception until its integration to the Syrian Federation in 1922, was a French mandate territory on the coast of present-day Syria after World War I. Although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed at the Treaty of Madrid (1880), the French gained ever greater influence. A renewed attempt at centralisation was abandoned, and the tribes were allowed to preserve their autonomy. [3] The Syrian army was dominated by recruits from Alawite, Druze and rural Kurdish Sunni communities, a holdover from the French Mandate Levant Army (which became the Syrian army after independence). The organisation of the sultanate developed under Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), who, against the opposition of local tribes, began to create a unified state. The Alaouite Dynasty or Alawite Dynasty is the current dynasty in Morocco since 1666. The Alaouite Dynasty Grave of Rabbi in the Jewish cemetary of Rissani, the desert town that was home to the first Alaouite ruler, Moulay Rachid. [4] Some argue that the French acted to intentionally divide the population, limiting the spread of "the urban contagion of nationalist agitation"[citation needed]. The Geography of Morocco Total Size: 446,550 square km Size Comparison: slightly larger than California The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1666. Politics 6. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. May 1973. E.J. The Arab Kingdom of Syria was initially supported by the British, despite French protests. Other articles where ʿAlawī dynasty is discussed: al-Rashīd: …and thus formally establishing the ʿAlawī dynasty. 67 relations. This was attributed to the peasant status of most Alawites, "exploited by a predominantly Sunni landowning class resident in Latakia and Hama". Map of Morocco. The Alaouites have ruled the Sultanate of Morocco, kept as Sultans during the French Protectorate of Morocco and the Spanish Protectorate of Morocco and ruled the Modern-day Kingdom of Morocco. The Saadi dynasty or Saadian dynasty (السعديون as-saʿadiūn; ⵉⵙⵄⴷⵉⵢⵏ Isɛdiyen) was an arab Moroccan dynasty, which ruled Morocco from 1549 to 1659. London: Oxford University Press, 1958. Below is a map where Morocco’s territory is marked in yellow. Moulay Ali Cherif Mausoleum in Rissani south east Morocco. Both have majority Alawite populations; parts of modern-day Al-Suqaylabiyah, Masyaf, Talkalakh and Jisr ash-Shugur Districts also belonged to the state. The red color symbolizes the descent from the royal Alaouite dynasty. Beginning after the 1949 coup, Alawites dominated the officer and governmental corps during the 1960s. Taroudant was the place of residence of the Khalifa of the Sultan who belonged to the Alawite dynasty from which the present royal family originated. The modern Latakia and Tartus Governorates roughly encompass the Alawite State. Nov. 1981. Physical-political map of the Alawite region The region is coastal and mountainous, home to a predominantly-rural, heterogeneous population. Alaouite dynasty. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier. Mausoleum of Moulay Ali Cherif, the Patriarch of the Currently Ruling Alaouite Dynasty From João Leitão, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license Rissani is an oasis town of about 20,000 people in the Tafilelt. "French Imperialism in Syria, 1927–1936." [2], At the time, the French rejected native outcry for the unification of Syria. The army and administration were also modernised to improve control over the Berber and Bedouin tribes. Get in . His son Mulay Al-Rashid (1664–1672) was able to unite and pacify the country. According to tradition, the Alaouites entered Morocco at the end of the 13th century when Al Hassan Addakhil, who lived then in the town of Yanbu in the Hejaz, was brought to Morocco by the inhabitants of Tafilalet to be their imām. The Alawite Dynasty is part of the greater sharifian Arab sultanate whose origins are in the Middle East. Moulay Ali Cherif was the founder of the Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco and is considered a Holy man. During the French Mandate period, the society was divided by religion and geography; the landowning families and 80 percent of the population of the port city of Latakia were Sunni Muslim. 1877; d. 1952), This page was last edited on 20 September 2020, at 07:03. Eventually the Moroccans were forced to recognise the French protectorate through the Treaty of Fez, signed on December 3, 1912. For the former ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan, see, Dark green: Undisputed territory of Morocco, European contact and the French protectorate, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and the Cherifian Dynasties, Line of succession to the Moroccan throne, "Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, I-1", "Morocco Population, 1960-2019 - knoema.com", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaouite_dynasty&oldid=1005450205, States and territories established in 1666, Articles needing additional references from January 2021, All articles needing additional references, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox family with unknown parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Articles containing Standard Moroccan Tamazight-language text, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles which contain graphical timelines, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "Empire" as a description of foreign policy, This page was last edited on 7 February 2021, at 18:47. At the same time the Rif area of northern Morocco was raised under Spanish control. [3] Former president Hafez Asad and his son, Bashar (the current president), are of Alawite descent. General Gouraud was appointed high commissioner of the Syrian territories and commander-in-chief of French forces. [3], In 1930 the Alawite State was renamed as the Government of Latakia, the only concession by the French to Arab nationalists until 1936. Which country's flag is this? German attempts to counter this growing influence led to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905–1906 and the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911. 4: pp. ", 2 September 1920 – 1921: Colonel Marie Joseph Émile Niéger (b. But there's a second layer to it; the star/pentagram, also seen on the Moroccan flag, is the Seal of Solomon, from the Bible. Religion 8. The division intended to protect the Alawi people from more-powerful majorities. [1] The French Mandate from the League of Nations lasted from 1920 to 1946. [3] By 1920, growing anti-French sentiment in the region led to the establishment of the Arab Kingdom of Syria under King Faisal I[4] on 7 March 1920. [7] Many young men from rural Alawi communities joined the French troops, enlisting in the troupes speciales (part of the French forces in Syria at the time) for social advancement. [4] In early September 1920, the French divided the territories of their mandate based on heterogeneous population to grant local autonomy to demographic regions. The Alaouite dynasty, or Alawite dynasty (سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين, Sulālat al-ʿAlawiyyīn al-Fīlālīyn), is the current Moroccan royal family. The Alawites in Taroudant. Essaouira was known as Mogador during the French protectorate 1912 - 1956. The French left Syria in 1946 and the new, independent government lasted for three years (until a 1949 military coup). His son Mulay Al-Rashid (1664–1672) was able to unite and pacify the country. [4][6], Perhaps inspired by the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1921), the Great Syrian Revolt began in the countryside of Jabal al-Druze. For the religious group from Syria, see. Mausoleum of Mohammad V: Alaouite dynasty’s architectural style - See 2,499 traveler reviews, 2,776 candid photos, and great deals for Rabat, Morocco, at Tripadvisor. Under Abderrahmane (1822–1859) Morocco fell under the influence of the European powers. With the war against Spain (1859–1860) came direct involvement in European affairs. It regained its independence in 1956, and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards.